Commercially available kelp and seaweed products – valuable iodine source or risk of excess intake?

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Standard

Commercially available kelp and seaweed products – valuable iodine source or risk of excess intake? / Aakre, Inger; Solli, Dina Doblaug; Markhus, Maria Wik; Mæhre, Hanne K.; Dahl, Lisbeth; Henjum, Sigrun; Alexander, Jan; Korneliussen, Patrick-Andre; Madsen, Lise; Kjellevold, Marian.

In: Food & Nutrition Research, Vol. 65, 7584, 2021.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Harvard

Aakre, I, Solli, DD, Markhus, MW, Mæhre, HK, Dahl, L, Henjum, S, Alexander, J, Korneliussen, P-A, Madsen, L & Kjellevold, M 2021, 'Commercially available kelp and seaweed products – valuable iodine source or risk of excess intake?', Food & Nutrition Research, vol. 65, 7584. https://doi.org/10.29219/FNR.V65.7584

APA

Aakre, I., Solli, D. D., Markhus, M. W., Mæhre, H. K., Dahl, L., Henjum, S., Alexander, J., Korneliussen, P-A., Madsen, L., & Kjellevold, M. (2021). Commercially available kelp and seaweed products – valuable iodine source or risk of excess intake? Food & Nutrition Research, 65, [7584]. https://doi.org/10.29219/FNR.V65.7584

Vancouver

Aakre I, Solli DD, Markhus MW, Mæhre HK, Dahl L, Henjum S et al. Commercially available kelp and seaweed products – valuable iodine source or risk of excess intake? Food & Nutrition Research. 2021;65. 7584. https://doi.org/10.29219/FNR.V65.7584

Author

Aakre, Inger ; Solli, Dina Doblaug ; Markhus, Maria Wik ; Mæhre, Hanne K. ; Dahl, Lisbeth ; Henjum, Sigrun ; Alexander, Jan ; Korneliussen, Patrick-Andre ; Madsen, Lise ; Kjellevold, Marian. / Commercially available kelp and seaweed products – valuable iodine source or risk of excess intake?. In: Food & Nutrition Research. 2021 ; Vol. 65.

Bibtex

@article{7b67334dac154348863c51a0a1829067,
title = "Commercially available kelp and seaweed products – valuable iodine source or risk of excess intake?",
abstract = "Background: Seaweeds and kelps, also known as macroalgae, have long been common in the East-Asian diet. During recent years, macroalgae have entered the global food market, and a variety of macroalgae products are now available for consumers. Some macroalgae species are known to be particularly rich in iodine, but little data regarding the iodine content of macroalgae-containing foods exists. Objective: The aim of this research study was to analyse the iodine content in a large variety of commercially available macroalgae-containing foods and supplements and to evaluate whether such products are sources of adequate dietary iodine. Design: Ninety-six different products were collected after surveying the Norwegian market for commercially available macroalgae products, collected from three categories: 1) wholefood macroalgae products (n = 43), 2) macroalgae-containing foods (n = 39), and 3) dietary supplements containing macroalgae (n = 14). All products were analysed for iodine content by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results: The iodine content in one portion of wholefood macroalgae products ranged from 128 to 62,400 µg. In macroalgae-containing foods, the iodine content ranged from 30 to 25,300 µg per portion, and in supplements it ranged from 5 to 5,600 µg per daily dose. The species with the highest analysed iodine content were oarweed, sugarkelp and kombu, with mean iodine levels of 7,800, 4,469 and 2,276 µg/g, respectively. For 54 products, the intake of one portion or dose would exceed the tolerable upper intake level (UL) for iodine. Discussion and conclusion: The iodine content in the included products was variable and for most products high, exceeding the tolerable upper intake level (UL) if consumed as a serving or portion size. The labelling of macroalgae species included, and declaration of iodine content, were inadequate or inaccurate for several products. As macroalgae-containing products are unreliable iodine sources, inclusion of such products in the diet may pose a risk of consuming excessive amounts of iodine.",
keywords = "Iodine, Iodine excess, Kelp, Macroalgae, Novel food, Recommended intake, Seaweed, Tolerable upper intake level",
author = "Inger Aakre and Solli, {Dina Doblaug} and Markhus, {Maria Wik} and M{\ae}hre, {Hanne K.} and Lisbeth Dahl and Sigrun Henjum and Jan Alexander and Patrick-Andre Korneliussen and Lise Madsen and Marian Kjellevold",
year = "2021",
doi = "10.29219/FNR.V65.7584",
language = "English",
volume = "65",
journal = "Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition/Naringsforskning, Supplement",
issn = "1102-6510",
publisher = "Co-Action Publishing",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Commercially available kelp and seaweed products – valuable iodine source or risk of excess intake?

AU - Aakre, Inger

AU - Solli, Dina Doblaug

AU - Markhus, Maria Wik

AU - Mæhre, Hanne K.

AU - Dahl, Lisbeth

AU - Henjum, Sigrun

AU - Alexander, Jan

AU - Korneliussen, Patrick-Andre

AU - Madsen, Lise

AU - Kjellevold, Marian

PY - 2021

Y1 - 2021

N2 - Background: Seaweeds and kelps, also known as macroalgae, have long been common in the East-Asian diet. During recent years, macroalgae have entered the global food market, and a variety of macroalgae products are now available for consumers. Some macroalgae species are known to be particularly rich in iodine, but little data regarding the iodine content of macroalgae-containing foods exists. Objective: The aim of this research study was to analyse the iodine content in a large variety of commercially available macroalgae-containing foods and supplements and to evaluate whether such products are sources of adequate dietary iodine. Design: Ninety-six different products were collected after surveying the Norwegian market for commercially available macroalgae products, collected from three categories: 1) wholefood macroalgae products (n = 43), 2) macroalgae-containing foods (n = 39), and 3) dietary supplements containing macroalgae (n = 14). All products were analysed for iodine content by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results: The iodine content in one portion of wholefood macroalgae products ranged from 128 to 62,400 µg. In macroalgae-containing foods, the iodine content ranged from 30 to 25,300 µg per portion, and in supplements it ranged from 5 to 5,600 µg per daily dose. The species with the highest analysed iodine content were oarweed, sugarkelp and kombu, with mean iodine levels of 7,800, 4,469 and 2,276 µg/g, respectively. For 54 products, the intake of one portion or dose would exceed the tolerable upper intake level (UL) for iodine. Discussion and conclusion: The iodine content in the included products was variable and for most products high, exceeding the tolerable upper intake level (UL) if consumed as a serving or portion size. The labelling of macroalgae species included, and declaration of iodine content, were inadequate or inaccurate for several products. As macroalgae-containing products are unreliable iodine sources, inclusion of such products in the diet may pose a risk of consuming excessive amounts of iodine.

AB - Background: Seaweeds and kelps, also known as macroalgae, have long been common in the East-Asian diet. During recent years, macroalgae have entered the global food market, and a variety of macroalgae products are now available for consumers. Some macroalgae species are known to be particularly rich in iodine, but little data regarding the iodine content of macroalgae-containing foods exists. Objective: The aim of this research study was to analyse the iodine content in a large variety of commercially available macroalgae-containing foods and supplements and to evaluate whether such products are sources of adequate dietary iodine. Design: Ninety-six different products were collected after surveying the Norwegian market for commercially available macroalgae products, collected from three categories: 1) wholefood macroalgae products (n = 43), 2) macroalgae-containing foods (n = 39), and 3) dietary supplements containing macroalgae (n = 14). All products were analysed for iodine content by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results: The iodine content in one portion of wholefood macroalgae products ranged from 128 to 62,400 µg. In macroalgae-containing foods, the iodine content ranged from 30 to 25,300 µg per portion, and in supplements it ranged from 5 to 5,600 µg per daily dose. The species with the highest analysed iodine content were oarweed, sugarkelp and kombu, with mean iodine levels of 7,800, 4,469 and 2,276 µg/g, respectively. For 54 products, the intake of one portion or dose would exceed the tolerable upper intake level (UL) for iodine. Discussion and conclusion: The iodine content in the included products was variable and for most products high, exceeding the tolerable upper intake level (UL) if consumed as a serving or portion size. The labelling of macroalgae species included, and declaration of iodine content, were inadequate or inaccurate for several products. As macroalgae-containing products are unreliable iodine sources, inclusion of such products in the diet may pose a risk of consuming excessive amounts of iodine.

KW - Iodine

KW - Iodine excess

KW - Kelp

KW - Macroalgae

KW - Novel food

KW - Recommended intake

KW - Seaweed

KW - Tolerable upper intake level

U2 - 10.29219/FNR.V65.7584

DO - 10.29219/FNR.V65.7584

M3 - Journal article

AN - SCOPUS:85104460596

VL - 65

JO - Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition/Naringsforskning, Supplement

JF - Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition/Naringsforskning, Supplement

SN - 1102-6510

M1 - 7584

ER -

ID: 261375548