TY - JOUR

T1 - αα-Hub domains and intrinsically disordered proteins

T2 - a decisive combo

AU - Bugge, Katrine

AU - Staby, Lasse

AU - Salladini, Edoardo

AU - Falbe-Hansen, Rasmus G.

AU - Kragelund, Birthe B.

AU - Skriver, Karen

N1 - Published under license by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

PY - 2021

Y1 - 2021

N2 - Hub proteins are central nodes in protein-protein interaction networks with critical importance to all living organisms. Recently, a new group of folded hub domains, the αα-hubs, was defined based on a shared αα-hairpin super-secondary structural foundation. The members PAH, RST, TAFH, NCBD and HHD are found in large proteins such as Sin3, RCD1, TAF4, CBP and harmonin, which organize disordered transcriptional regulators and membrane scaffolds in interactomes of importance to human diseases and plant quality. In this review, studies of structures, functions, and complexes across the αα-hubs are described and compared to provide a unified description of the group. This analysis expands the associated molecular concepts of "one domain - one superbinding site", motif-based ligand binding, and coupled folding and binding of intrinsically disordered ligands to additional concepts of importance to signal fidelity. These include context, motif reversibility, multivalency, complex heterogeneity, synergistic αα-hub:ligand folding, accessory binding-sites, and supramodules. We propose that these multifaceted protein-protein interaction properties are made possible by the characteristics of the αα-hub fold, including super-site properties, dynamics, variable topologies, accessory helices and malleability and abetted by adaptability of the disordered ligands. Critically, these features provide additional filters for specificity. With the presentations of new concepts, this review opens for new research questions addressing properties across the group, which are driven from concepts discovered in studies of the individual members. Combined, the members of the αα-hubs are ideal models for deconvoluting signal fidelity maintained by folded hubs and their interactions with intrinsically disordered ligands.

AB - Hub proteins are central nodes in protein-protein interaction networks with critical importance to all living organisms. Recently, a new group of folded hub domains, the αα-hubs, was defined based on a shared αα-hairpin super-secondary structural foundation. The members PAH, RST, TAFH, NCBD and HHD are found in large proteins such as Sin3, RCD1, TAF4, CBP and harmonin, which organize disordered transcriptional regulators and membrane scaffolds in interactomes of importance to human diseases and plant quality. In this review, studies of structures, functions, and complexes across the αα-hubs are described and compared to provide a unified description of the group. This analysis expands the associated molecular concepts of "one domain - one superbinding site", motif-based ligand binding, and coupled folding and binding of intrinsically disordered ligands to additional concepts of importance to signal fidelity. These include context, motif reversibility, multivalency, complex heterogeneity, synergistic αα-hub:ligand folding, accessory binding-sites, and supramodules. We propose that these multifaceted protein-protein interaction properties are made possible by the characteristics of the αα-hub fold, including super-site properties, dynamics, variable topologies, accessory helices and malleability and abetted by adaptability of the disordered ligands. Critically, these features provide additional filters for specificity. With the presentations of new concepts, this review opens for new research questions addressing properties across the group, which are driven from concepts discovered in studies of the individual members. Combined, the members of the αα-hubs are ideal models for deconvoluting signal fidelity maintained by folded hubs and their interactions with intrinsically disordered ligands.

U2 - 10.1074/jbc.REV120.012928

DO - 10.1074/jbc.REV120.012928

M3 - Review

C2 - 33361159

VL - 296

JO - Journal of Biological Chemistry

JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry

SN - 0021-9258

M1 - 100226

ER -