African climate and geomorphology drive evolution and ghost introgression in sable antelope

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  • Joana L. Rocha
  • Pedro Vaz Pinto
  • Siegismund, Hans Redlef
  • Matthias Meyer
  • Bettine Jansen van Vuuren
  • Luís Veríssimo
  • Nuno Ferrand
  • Raquel Godinho

The evolutionary history of African ungulates has been explained largely in the light of Pleistocene climatic oscillations and the way these influenced the distribution of vegetation types, leading to range expansions and/or isolation in refugia. In contrast, comparatively fewer studies have addressed the continent’s environmental heterogeneity and the role played by its geomorphological barriers. In this study, we performed a range-wide analysis of complete mitogenomes of sable antelope (Hippotragus niger) to explore how these different factors may have contributed as drivers of evolution in southcentral Africa. Our results supported two sympatric and deeply divergent mitochondrial lineages in west Tanzanian sables, which can be explained as the result of introgressive hybridization of a mitochondrial ghost lineage from an archaic, as-yet-undefined, congener. Phylogeographical subdivisions into three main lineages suggest that sable diversification may not have been driven solely by climatic events affecting populations differently across a continental scale. Often in interplay with climate, geomorphological features have also clearly shaped the species’ patterns of vicariance, where the East Africa Rift System and the Eastern Arc Mountains acted as geological barriers. Subsequent splits among southern populations may be linked to rearrangements in the Zambezi system, possibly framing the most recent time when the river attained its current drainage profile. This work underlines how the use of comprehensive mitogenomic data sets on a model species with a wide geographical distribution can contribute to a much-enhanced understanding of environmental, geomorphological and evolutionary patterns in Africa throughout the Quaternary.

Original languageEnglish
JournalMolecular Ecology
Volume31
Issue number10
Pages (from-to)2968-2984
Number of pages17
ISSN0962-1083
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2022

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

    Research areas

  • Africa, ghost mtDNA capture, Hippotragus niger, mitogenome, phylogeography, Pleistocene

ID: 305002271