Complex host-microbial dynamics in prediabetes revealed through longitudinal multi-omics profiling

Speaker:  M.Reza Sailani, PhD, Department of Genetics, Stanford University
Host: Associate professor Birgitte Regenberg, Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, BIO-UCPH

Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a growing health problem characterized by complex host-microbial interactions, yet little is known about systemic alterations in early disease stages and the critical transition to full-blown T2D. To better understand T2D at its earliest stages, we sampled healthy and prediabetes over ~4 years in a deep multi-omics profiling approach. In a total of 1091 visits, 105 subjects were profiled during healthy periods and extensively during periods of respiratory viral infection (RVI), and immunization. This rich longitudinal dataset revealed extensive host-microbial changes over the course of RVI and immunization. Moreover, during RVI, insulin resistant subjects exhibited significantly different responses. Global co-association analyses among thousands of profiled molecules revealed specific associations in insulin resistant/sensitive subjects, indicating different patterns of host-microbial interactions. Lastly, we identified early personal molecular signatures preceding T2D onset in one individual. Our study reveals novel insights into pathways and responses that differ between glucose dysregulated and healthy individuals during health and disease and provides a unique open access data resource to enable further research into heathy, predioabetic and T2D subjects.