Carving out a Glycoside Hydrolase Active Site for Incorporation into a New Protein Scaffold Using Deep Network Hallucination

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Enzymes are indispensable biocatalysts for numerous industrial applications, yet stability, selectivity, and restricted substrate recognition present limitations for their use. Despite the importance of enzyme engineering in overcoming these limitations, success is often challenged by the intricate architecture of enzymes derived from natural sources. Recent advances in computational methods have enabled the de novo design of simplified scaffolds with specific functional sites. Such scaffolds may be advantageous as platforms for enzyme engineering. Here, we present a strategy for the de novo design of a simplified scaffold of an endo-α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase active site, a glycoside hydrolase from the GH101 enzyme family. Using a combination of trRosetta hallucination, iterative cycles of deep-learning-based structure prediction, and ProteinMPNN sequence design, we designed proteins with 290 amino acids incorporating the active site while reducing the molecular weight by over 100 kDa compared to the initial endo-α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase. Of 11 tested designs, six were expressed as soluble monomers, displaying similar or increased thermostabilities compared to the natural enzyme. Despite lacking detectable enzymatic activity, the experimentally determined crystal structures of a representative design closely matched the design with a root-mean-square deviation of 1.0 Å, with most catalytically important side chains within 2.0 Å. The results highlight the potential of scaffold hallucination in designing proteins that may serve as a foundation for subsequent enzyme engineering.
OriginalsprogEngelsk
TidsskriftACS Synthetic Biology
Vol/bind13
Udgave nummer3
Sider (fra-til)862-875
Antal sider14
ISSN2161-5063
DOI
StatusUdgivet - 2024

Bibliografisk note

Funding Information:
This work was mainly supported by the Independent Research Fund Denmark (grant no.: 9041-00126B) to M.W. F.F.T. was funded through the Novo Nordisk Foundation (grant no.: NNF18OC0033926). R.C. was supported by AGAUR (2021 SGR 00476) and the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2022-138040OB-I00). This project has been carried out using the resources of Consorcio de Servicios Universitarios de Cataluña (CSUC). E.M. acknowledges the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (grants RYC2018-025295-I and PID2020-120098GA-I00). N.A. acknowledges support from the CNRS.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 American Chemical Society.

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