Eukaryotic transcription factors: paradigms of protein intrinsic disorder
Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Review › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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Eukaryotic transcription factors : paradigms of protein intrinsic disorder. / Staby, Lasse; O'Shea, Charlotte; Willemoës, Martin; Theisen, Frederik; Kragelund, Birthe Brandt; Skriver, Karen.
I: Biochemical Journal, Bind 474, Nr. 15, 12.07.2017, s. 2509-2532.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Review › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Eukaryotic transcription factors
T2 - paradigms of protein intrinsic disorder
AU - Staby, Lasse
AU - O'Shea, Charlotte
AU - Willemoës, Martin
AU - Theisen, Frederik
AU - Kragelund, Birthe Brandt
AU - Skriver, Karen
N1 - © 2017 The Author(s); published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society.
PY - 2017/7/12
Y1 - 2017/7/12
N2 - Gene-specific transcription factors (TFs) are key regulatory components of signaling pathways, controlling, for example, cell growth, development, and stress responses. Their biological functions are determined by their molecular structures, as exemplified by their structured DNA-binding domains targeting specific cis-acting elements in genes, and by the significant lack of fixed tertiary structure in their extensive intrinsically disordered regions. Recent research in protein intrinsic disorder (ID) has changed our understanding of transcriptional activation domains from 'negative noodles' to ID regions with function-related, short sequence motifs and molecular recognition features with structural propensities. This review focuses on molecular aspects of TFs, which represent paradigms of ID-related features. Through specific examples, we review how the ID-associated flexibility of TFs enables them to participate in large interactomes, how they use only a few hydrophobic residues, short sequence motifs, prestructured motifs, and coupled folding and binding for their interactions with co-activators, and how their accessibility to post-translational modification affects their interactions. It is furthermore emphasized how classic biochemical concepts like allostery, conformational selection, induced fit, and feedback regulation are undergoing a revival with the appreciation of ID. The review also describes the most recent advances based on computational simulations of ID-based interaction mechanisms and structural analysis of ID in the context of full-length TFs and suggests future directions for research in TF ID.
AB - Gene-specific transcription factors (TFs) are key regulatory components of signaling pathways, controlling, for example, cell growth, development, and stress responses. Their biological functions are determined by their molecular structures, as exemplified by their structured DNA-binding domains targeting specific cis-acting elements in genes, and by the significant lack of fixed tertiary structure in their extensive intrinsically disordered regions. Recent research in protein intrinsic disorder (ID) has changed our understanding of transcriptional activation domains from 'negative noodles' to ID regions with function-related, short sequence motifs and molecular recognition features with structural propensities. This review focuses on molecular aspects of TFs, which represent paradigms of ID-related features. Through specific examples, we review how the ID-associated flexibility of TFs enables them to participate in large interactomes, how they use only a few hydrophobic residues, short sequence motifs, prestructured motifs, and coupled folding and binding for their interactions with co-activators, and how their accessibility to post-translational modification affects their interactions. It is furthermore emphasized how classic biochemical concepts like allostery, conformational selection, induced fit, and feedback regulation are undergoing a revival with the appreciation of ID. The review also describes the most recent advances based on computational simulations of ID-based interaction mechanisms and structural analysis of ID in the context of full-length TFs and suggests future directions for research in TF ID.
KW - Amino Acid Sequence
KW - Animals
KW - Eukaryota
KW - Humans
KW - Intrinsically Disordered Proteins
KW - Kinetics
KW - Protein Processing, Post-Translational
KW - Thermodynamics
KW - Transcription Factors
KW - Journal Article
KW - Review
U2 - 10.1042/BCJ20160631
DO - 10.1042/BCJ20160631
M3 - Review
C2 - 28701416
VL - 474
SP - 2509
EP - 2532
JO - Biochemical Journal
JF - Biochemical Journal
SN - 0264-6021
IS - 15
ER -
ID: 182488693