La Corona lava tube is one of the most remarkable anchialine caves in the world. Already to the original settlers of Lanzarote it had a great significance, continuing nowadays, being visited by thousands of people from all over the world each year. During the last 125 years, more than 50 scientists have investigated this cave, producing numerous technical publications about its geology, fauna, and ecology, mainly accessible for the scientific community. This book is intended to merge the past 125 years of scientific research into a single synopsis, accessible and understandable to all. We have organized all the information into four chapters addressing the Geology, Fauna, and Ecology of La Corona lava tube, as well as a comprehensive Introduction to the Science of Subterranean Biology. In the construction of each chapter we have taken into account the most recent scientific findings and methods to bridge the gap between old and new trends in subterranean biology in order to provide the readers with a comprehensive overview. The authors of this book represent three generations of scientist in subterranean biology, from original explorers and taxonomists to upcoming experts in the field. Together, we hope this book will spread our knowledge and foster curiosity and respect for these relatively unknown environments, ensuring their protection.