TY - JOUR

T1 - Identification of volatile organic compounds and their sources driving ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation in NE Spain

AU - in 't Veld, Marten

AU - Seco, Roger

AU - Reche, Cristina

AU - Pérez, Noemi

AU - Alastuey, Andres

AU - Portillo-Estrada, Miguel

AU - Janssens, Ivan A.

AU - Peñuelas, Josep

AU - Fernandez-Martinez, Marcos

AU - Marchand, Nicolas

AU - Temime-Roussel, Brice

AU - Querol, Xavier

AU - Yáñez-Serrano, Ana Maria

N1 - Funding Information: This study was supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement 101036245 (RI-URBANS), the “Agencia Estatal de Investigación” from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, FEDER funds under the projects CAIAC (PID2019-108990RB-I00), the Generalitat de Catalunya (AGAUR 2021 SGR 00447), and the Direcció General de Territori. AMYS acknowledges a Ramón y Cajal grant (RYC2021-032519-I) and the La Caixa Foundation Junior Leader retaining fellowship. RS acknowledges a Ramón y Cajal grant (RYC2020-029216-I) funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by “ESF Investing in your future”. IDAEA-CSIC is a Severo Ochoa Centre of Research Excellence (MCIN/AEI, Project CEX2018-000794-S). The authors thank the MASSALYA instrumental platform (Aix Marseille Université, lce.univ-amu.fr) for the analysis and measurements used in this work. Funding Information: This study was supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement 101036245 (RI-URBANS), the “Agencia Estatal de Investigación” from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation , FEDER funds under the projects CAIAC ( PID2019-108990RB-I00 ), the Generalitat de Catalunya ( AGAUR 2021 SGR 00447 ), and the Direcció General de Territori . AMYS acknowledges a Ramón y Cajal grant ( RYC2021-032519-I ) and the La Caixa Foundation Junior Leader retaining fellowship. RS acknowledges a Ramón y Cajal grant ( RYC2020-029216-I ) funded by MCIN/AEI / 10.13039/501100011033 and by “ESF Investing in your future”. IDAEA-CSIC is a Severo Ochoa Centre of Research Excellence (MCIN/AEI, Project CEX2018-000794-S). The authors thank the MASSALYA instrumental platform (Aix Marseille Université, lce.univ-amu.fr) for the analysis and measurements used in this work. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

N2 - Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play a crucial role in the formation of ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA). We conducted measurements of VOC ambient mixing ratios during both summer and winter at two stations: a Barcelona urban background station (BCN) and the Montseny rural background station (MSY). Subsequently, we employed positive matrix factorization (PMF) to analyze the VOC mixing ratios and identify their sources. Our analysis revealed five common sources: anthropogenic I (traffic & industries); anthropogenic II (traffic & biomass burning); isoprene oxidation; monoterpenes; long-lifetime VOCs. To assess the impact of these VOCs on the formation of secondary pollutants, we calculated the ozone formation potential (OFP) and secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAP) associated with each VOC. In conclusion, our study provides insights into the sources of VOCs and their contributions to the formation of ozone and SOA in NE Spain. The OFP was primarily influenced by anthropogenic aromatic compounds from the traffic & industries source at BCN (38–49 %) and during winter at MSY (34 %). In contrast, the summer OFP at MSY was primarily driven by biogenic contributions from monoterpenes and isoprene oxidation products (45 %). Acetaldehyde (10–35 %) and methanol (13–14 %) also made significant OFP contributions at both stations. Anthropogenic aromatic compounds originating from traffic, industries, and biomass burning played a dominant role (88–93 %) in SOA formation at both stations during both seasons. The only exception was during the summer at MSY, where monoterpenes became the primary driver of SOA formation (41 %). These findings emphasize the importance of considering both anthropogenic and biogenic VOCs in air quality management strategies.

AB - Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play a crucial role in the formation of ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA). We conducted measurements of VOC ambient mixing ratios during both summer and winter at two stations: a Barcelona urban background station (BCN) and the Montseny rural background station (MSY). Subsequently, we employed positive matrix factorization (PMF) to analyze the VOC mixing ratios and identify their sources. Our analysis revealed five common sources: anthropogenic I (traffic & industries); anthropogenic II (traffic & biomass burning); isoprene oxidation; monoterpenes; long-lifetime VOCs. To assess the impact of these VOCs on the formation of secondary pollutants, we calculated the ozone formation potential (OFP) and secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAP) associated with each VOC. In conclusion, our study provides insights into the sources of VOCs and their contributions to the formation of ozone and SOA in NE Spain. The OFP was primarily influenced by anthropogenic aromatic compounds from the traffic & industries source at BCN (38–49 %) and during winter at MSY (34 %). In contrast, the summer OFP at MSY was primarily driven by biogenic contributions from monoterpenes and isoprene oxidation products (45 %). Acetaldehyde (10–35 %) and methanol (13–14 %) also made significant OFP contributions at both stations. Anthropogenic aromatic compounds originating from traffic, industries, and biomass burning played a dominant role (88–93 %) in SOA formation at both stations during both seasons. The only exception was during the summer at MSY, where monoterpenes became the primary driver of SOA formation (41 %). These findings emphasize the importance of considering both anthropogenic and biogenic VOCs in air quality management strategies.

KW - OFP

KW - PMF

KW - PTR-MS

KW - SOAP

KW - Source apportionment

KW - VOC

U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167159

DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167159

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 37758152

AN - SCOPUS:85172995421

VL - 906

JO - Science of the Total Environment

JF - Science of the Total Environment

SN - 0048-9697

M1 - 167159

ER -