Intrinsic Disorder in Plant Transcription Factor Systems: Functional Implications
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Intrinsic Disorder in Plant Transcription Factor Systems : Functional Implications. / Salladini, Edoardo; Jørgensen, Maria L.M.; Theisen, Frederik F.; Skriver, Karen.
I: International Journal of Molecular Sciences (Online), Bind 21, Nr. 24, 9755, 2020.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Review › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Intrinsic Disorder in Plant Transcription Factor Systems
T2 - Functional Implications
AU - Salladini, Edoardo
AU - Jørgensen, Maria L.M.
AU - Theisen, Frederik F.
AU - Skriver, Karen
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - Eukaryotic cells are complex biological systems that depend on highly connected molecular interaction networks with intrinsically disordered proteins as essential components. Through specific examples, we relate the conformational ensemble nature of intrinsic disorder (ID) in transcription factors to functions in plants. Transcription factors contain large regulatory ID-regions with numerous orphan sequence motifs, representing potential important interaction sites. ID-regions may affect DNA-binding through electrostatic interactions or allosterically as for the bZIP transcription factors, in which the DNA-binding domains also populate ensembles of dynamic transient structures. The flexibility of ID is well-suited for interaction networks requiring efficient molecular adjustments. For example, Radical Induced Cell Death1 depends on ID in transcription factors for its numerous, structurally heterogeneous interactions, and the JAZ:MYC:MED15 regulatory unit depends on protein dynamics, including binding-associated unfolding, for regulation of jasmonate-signaling. Flexibility makes ID-regions excellent targets of posttranslational modifications. For example, the extent of phosphorylation of the NAC transcription factor SOG1 regulates target gene expression and the DNA-damage response, and phosphorylation of the AP2/ERF transcription factor DREB2A acts as a switch enabling heat-regulated degradation. ID-related phase separation is emerging as being important to transcriptional regulation with condensates functioning in storage and inactivation of transcription factors. The applicative potential of ID-regions is apparent, as removal of an ID-region of the AP2/ERF transcription factor WRI1 affects its stability and consequently oil biosynthesis. The highlighted examples show that ID plays essential functional roles in plant biology and has a promising potential in engineering.
AB - Eukaryotic cells are complex biological systems that depend on highly connected molecular interaction networks with intrinsically disordered proteins as essential components. Through specific examples, we relate the conformational ensemble nature of intrinsic disorder (ID) in transcription factors to functions in plants. Transcription factors contain large regulatory ID-regions with numerous orphan sequence motifs, representing potential important interaction sites. ID-regions may affect DNA-binding through electrostatic interactions or allosterically as for the bZIP transcription factors, in which the DNA-binding domains also populate ensembles of dynamic transient structures. The flexibility of ID is well-suited for interaction networks requiring efficient molecular adjustments. For example, Radical Induced Cell Death1 depends on ID in transcription factors for its numerous, structurally heterogeneous interactions, and the JAZ:MYC:MED15 regulatory unit depends on protein dynamics, including binding-associated unfolding, for regulation of jasmonate-signaling. Flexibility makes ID-regions excellent targets of posttranslational modifications. For example, the extent of phosphorylation of the NAC transcription factor SOG1 regulates target gene expression and the DNA-damage response, and phosphorylation of the AP2/ERF transcription factor DREB2A acts as a switch enabling heat-regulated degradation. ID-related phase separation is emerging as being important to transcriptional regulation with condensates functioning in storage and inactivation of transcription factors. The applicative potential of ID-regions is apparent, as removal of an ID-region of the AP2/ERF transcription factor WRI1 affects its stability and consequently oil biosynthesis. The highlighted examples show that ID plays essential functional roles in plant biology and has a promising potential in engineering.
KW - Activation domain
KW - Coupled folding and binding
KW - Electrostatic interactions
KW - ID
KW - Interactome
KW - Phase separation
KW - Posttranslational modification
KW - Sequence motif
U2 - 10.3390/ijms21249755
DO - 10.3390/ijms21249755
M3 - Review
C2 - 33371315
AN - SCOPUS:85098321542
VL - 21
JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences (Online)
JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences (Online)
SN - 1661-6596
IS - 24
M1 - 9755
ER -
ID: 255158429