The strengths and weaknesses of Live Fluorescently Labelled Algae (LFLA) to estimate herbivory in protozooplankton and mixoplankton
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The strengths and weaknesses of Live Fluorescently Labelled Algae (LFLA) to estimate herbivory in protozooplankton and mixoplankton. / Ferreira, Guilherme Duarte; Figueira, Joana; Marques, Sónia Cotrim; Hansen, Per Juel; Calbet, Albert.
In: Marine Environmental Research, Vol. 174, 105558, 2022.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - The strengths and weaknesses of Live Fluorescently Labelled Algae (LFLA) to estimate herbivory in protozooplankton and mixoplankton
AU - Ferreira, Guilherme Duarte
AU - Figueira, Joana
AU - Marques, Sónia Cotrim
AU - Hansen, Per Juel
AU - Calbet, Albert
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2022
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - The Live Fluorescently Labelled Algae (LFLA) technique has been used numerous times to estimate microzooplankton herbivory. Yet, it is unknown how mixoplankton (i.e., single-cell organisms that can combine phototrophy and phagotrophy) affect the outcome of this technique. Hence, we conducted a broad-spectrum assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the LFLA technique, using several mixoplanktonic and protozooplanktonic grazers. Species from different taxonomic groups and different feeding mechanisms were tested in short-term experiments (ca. 5 h) in the laboratory, at different prey concentrations and during light and dark periods of the day. Overall, our findings suggest that the LFLA technique, due to its short-term nature, is an effective tracker of diel ingestion and digestion rates, and can detect new mixoplanktonic predators. We recommend that, irrespective of the prey concentration, incubations to measure grazing rates with this technique should generally be concluded within 1 h (adaptable to the environmental temperature). Nevertheless, our results also call for caution whenever using LFLA in the field: feeding mechanisms other than direct engulfment (like peduncle feeding) may provide severely biased ingestion rates. Furthermore, size and species selectivity are very hard to circumvent. To reduce the effects of selectivity, we propose the combined use of two distinctly coloured fluorochromes (i.e., distinct emission spectra). With this modification, one could either label different size ranges of prey or account for species-specific interactions in the food web.
AB - The Live Fluorescently Labelled Algae (LFLA) technique has been used numerous times to estimate microzooplankton herbivory. Yet, it is unknown how mixoplankton (i.e., single-cell organisms that can combine phototrophy and phagotrophy) affect the outcome of this technique. Hence, we conducted a broad-spectrum assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the LFLA technique, using several mixoplanktonic and protozooplanktonic grazers. Species from different taxonomic groups and different feeding mechanisms were tested in short-term experiments (ca. 5 h) in the laboratory, at different prey concentrations and during light and dark periods of the day. Overall, our findings suggest that the LFLA technique, due to its short-term nature, is an effective tracker of diel ingestion and digestion rates, and can detect new mixoplanktonic predators. We recommend that, irrespective of the prey concentration, incubations to measure grazing rates with this technique should generally be concluded within 1 h (adaptable to the environmental temperature). Nevertheless, our results also call for caution whenever using LFLA in the field: feeding mechanisms other than direct engulfment (like peduncle feeding) may provide severely biased ingestion rates. Furthermore, size and species selectivity are very hard to circumvent. To reduce the effects of selectivity, we propose the combined use of two distinctly coloured fluorochromes (i.e., distinct emission spectra). With this modification, one could either label different size ranges of prey or account for species-specific interactions in the food web.
KW - Diel feeding rhythms
KW - Digestion
KW - Grazing
KW - Live FLA
KW - Mixoplankton
KW - Mixotrophy
KW - Protist
U2 - 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105558
DO - 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105558
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 34998128
AN - SCOPUS:85122242873
VL - 174
JO - Marine Environmental Research
JF - Marine Environmental Research
SN - 0141-1136
M1 - 105558
ER -
ID: 291666633