Changes in the foliar fungal community between oak leaf flushes along a latitudinal gradient in Europe
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Aim: Leaves support a large diversity of fungi, which are known to cause plant diseases, induce plant defences or influence leaf senescence and decomposition. To advance our understanding of how foliar fungal communities are structured and assembled, we assessed to what extent leaf flush and latitude can explain the within- and among-tree variation in foliar fungal communities. Location: A latitudinal gradient spanning c. 20 degrees in latitude in Europe. Taxa: The foliar fungal community associated with a foundation tree species, the pedunculate oak Quercus robur. Methods: We examined the main and interactive effects of leaf flush and latitude on the foliar fungal community by sampling 20 populations of the pedunculate oak Quercus robur across the tree's range. We used the ITS region as a target for characterization of fungal communities using DNA metabarcoding. Results: Species composition, but not species richness, differed between leaf flushes. Across the latitudinal gradient, species richness was highest in the central part of the oak's distributional range, and foliar fungal community composition shifted along the latitudinal gradient. Among fungal guilds, the relative abundance of plant pathogens and mycoparasites was lower on the first leaf flush, and the relative abundance of plant pathogens and saprotrophs decreased with latitude. Conclusions: Changes in community composition between leaf flushes and along the latitudinal gradient were mostly a result of species turnover. Overall, our findings demonstrate that leaf flush and latitude explain 5%–22% of the small- and large-scale spatial variation in the foliar fungal community on a foundation tree within the temperate region. Using space-for-time substitution, we expect that foliar fungal community structure will change with climate warming, with an increase in the abundance of plant pathogens and mycoparasites at higher latitudes, with major consequences for plant health, species interactions and ecosystem dynamics.
Originalsprog | Engelsk |
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Tidsskrift | Journal of Biogeography |
Vol/bind | 49 |
Udgave nummer | 12 |
Antal sider | 12 |
ISSN | 0305-0270 |
DOI | |
Status | Udgivet - 2022 |
Bibliografisk note
Funding Information:
We acknowledge the guidance of Fede Berckx, Emilia Regazzoni and Nadia Binte Obaid during lab work. This research was supported by grants from the Bolin Centre for Climate Research (RA8) and the Swedish Research Council (2021‐03784) to AJMT. We are grateful for support from the National Genomics Infrastructure in Stockholm funded by Science for Life Laboratory, the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation and the Swedish Research Council, and SNIC/Uppsala Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Computational Science for assistance with massively parallel sequencing and access to the UPPMAX computational infrastructure. PDF and CM received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (ERC Starting Grant FORMICA 757833). No permits were needed to conduct this research.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Biogeography published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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