Bibliografisk note

Funding Information:
The authors thank the staff of the Turku PET Center for their technical assistance and Dr. A.G. Borkowska for project coordination at UC Davis. The study was financially supported by Academy of Finland (grant numbers 259926, 265204, 269977, 272376, 292839, 314383, 314455, 314456, 321716, 335446, 335443, 335445, profi6 336449, 356733, 404030), the Paulo Foundation, the Finnish Cultural Foundation Southwest Finland Regional and Central Funds, the Turku University Hospital Research Funds, the European Union (EUFP7 project 278373; DIABAT) and a joint French/German grant ANR/DFG (Nutribrite), the Finnish Medical Foundation, Gyllenberg Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation (grant numbers NNF20OC0060547, NNF17OC0027232, NNF10OC1013354), the Finnish Diabetes Research Foundation, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Government Research Funds, Finnish-Norwegian Medical Research Foundation, Juhani Aho Foundation for Medical Research, Jalmari ja Rauha Ahokkaan Säätiö, Suorsa Foundation, the NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center 5U24DK097154-04, and USDA CRIS Projects 2032-51530-022-00D and 2032-51530-025-00D (J.W.N.). T.F. and M.K. are funded by the German Research Foundation (BATenergy TRR333/1, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft). N.G. and E.-Z.A. are funded by CNRS, Inserm, and UCA. The USDA is an equal opportunity employer and provider. The study was conducted within the Finnish Center of Excellence in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases supported by the Academy of Finland, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, and Abo Akademi University. M.U.-D. V.D.d.M. and M.T. drafted the manuscript. M.T. M.L. A.K. and V.D.d.M. contributed to acquiring and interpreting the circulatory serum non-targeted metabolomics data and their main statistical analyses. M.U.-D. and V.D.d.M. performed further statistical analyses and provided the interpretation of metabolomics, clinical, and gene expression data. J.R. conducted the clinical PET-CT imaging study visits and acquired the clinical phenotypic and metabolic health data. T.N. performed the biopsy excision of the BAT and WAT tissue samples. T.F. and M.K. conducted the RNA-seq analyses of the tissue samples. K.K. and J.W.N. performed the tissue metabolomics analyses. K.H. N.G. and E.-Z.A. performed the in vitro experimentation, and E.P. analyzed the data. Contributions of K.H.P. J.P. and E.P. were crucial for enhancing the intellectual scientific content of the manuscript, E.P. in particular providing in-depth expertise of NAD+ metabolism. P.N. and K.A.V. contributed to the conception and design of the PET studies and, in addition to K.A.V. K.H. contributed to the conception and design of the circulatory metabolomics study. All authors provided their scientific expertise to critically evaluate the manuscript. E.P. K.H. and K.A.V. were responsible for revising and approving the final edition of the manuscript. The authors declare no competing interests. We support inclusive, diverse, and equitable conduct of research.

Funding Information:
The authors thank the staff of the Turku PET Center for their technical assistance and Dr. A.G. Borkowska for project coordination at UC Davis. The study was financially supported by Academy of Finland (grant numbers 259926 , 265204 , 269977 , 272376 , 292839 , 314383 , 314455 , 314456 , 321716 , 335446 , 335443 , 335445 , profi6 336449 , 356733 , 404030 ), the Paulo Foundation , the Finnish Cultural Foundation Southwest Finland Regional and Central Funds , the Turku University Hospital Research Funds , the European Union (EUFP7 project 278373 ; DIABAT) and a joint French/German grant ANR/DFG (Nutribrite), the Finnish Medical Foundation , Gyllenberg Foundation , Novo Nordisk Foundation (grant numbers NNF20OC0060547 , NNF17OC0027232 , NNF10OC1013354 ), the Finnish Diabetes Research Foundation , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Government Research Funds , Finnish-Norwegian Medical Research Foundation , Juhani Aho Foundation for Medical Research , Jalmari ja Rauha Ahokkaan Säätiö , Suorsa Foundation , the NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center 5U24DK097154-04 , and USDA CRIS Projects 2032-51530-022-00D and 2032-51530-025-00D (J.W.N.). T.F. and M.K. are funded by the German Research Foundation (BATenergy TRR333/1 , Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft ). N.G. and E.-Z.A. are funded by CNRS , Inserm , and UCA . The USDA is an equal opportunity employer and provider. The study was conducted within the Finnish Center of Excellence in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases supported by the Academy of Finland, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, and Abo Akademi University.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Author(s)