Hydrostatic pressure induces transformations in the organic matter and microbial community composition of marine snow particles

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  • Peter Stief
  • Clemens Schauberger
  • Kevin W. Becker
  • Marcus Elvert
  • John Paul Balmonte
  • Belén Franco-Cisterna
  • Middelboe, Mathias
  • Ronnie N. Glud
In the hadal zone of the ocean (6–11 km), the characteristics of sinking marine snow particles and their attached microbial communities remain elusive, despite their potential importance for benthic life thriving at extreme pressures (60–110 MPa). Here, we used simulation experiments to explore how increasing pressure levels modify the microbial degradation, organic matter composition, and microbiome of sinking diatom aggregates. Individual aggregates were incubated in rotating tanks in which pressure was incrementally increased to simulate a descent from surface to hadal depth within 20 days. Incubations at atmospheric pressure served as controls. With increasing pressure, microbial respiration and diatom degradation decreased gradually and ceased completely at 60 MPa. Dissolved organic carbon leaked substantially from the aggregates at ≥40 MPa, while diatom lipid and pigment contents decreased moderately. Bacterial abundance remained stable at >40 MPa, but bacterial community composition changed significantly at 60–100 MPa. Thus, pressure exposure reduces microbial degradation and transforms both organic matter composition and microbiomes of sinking particles, which may seed hadal sediments with relatively fresh particulate organic matter and putative pressure-tolerant microbes.
OriginalsprogEngelsk
Artikelnummer377
TidsskriftCommunications Earth and Environment
Vol/bind4
Udgave nummer1
Antal sider14
ISSN2662-4435
DOI
StatusUdgivet - 2023

Bibliografisk note

Funding Information:
We would like to thank Anni Glud, Birthe Christensen, Morten Alitouche Kieler, Feiyang Gu, Erik Laursen, Martina Alisch, Gaby Eickert-Groetzschel, Clemens Röttgen, Stephanie Caddell, Sherif Ghobrial, Leah Brinch Iversen, and Hans Frederik Hansen for technical assistance. We also thank Carol Arnosti for kindly providing the FLA-labelled polysaccharide substrates for the enzyme activity measurements. This study was financially supported by the Danish National Research Foundation through the Danish Center for Hadal Research (HADAL, Grant No. DNRF145) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (HADES-ERC, Grant agreement No. 669947). Laboratory work by ME was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through the Cluster of Excellence EXC 2077 “The Ocean Floor - Earth’s Uncharted Interface” (Project No. 390741601).

Funding Information:
We would like to thank Anni Glud, Birthe Christensen, Morten Alitouche Kieler, Feiyang Gu, Erik Laursen, Martina Alisch, Gaby Eickert-Groetzschel, Clemens Röttgen, Stephanie Caddell, Sherif Ghobrial, Leah Brinch Iversen, and Hans Frederik Hansen for technical assistance. We also thank Carol Arnosti for kindly providing the FLA-labelled polysaccharide substrates for the enzyme activity measurements. This study was financially supported by the Danish National Research Foundation through the Danish Center for Hadal Research (HADAL, Grant No. DNRF145) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (HADES-ERC, Grant agreement No. 669947). Laboratory work by ME was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through the Cluster of Excellence EXC 2077 “The Ocean Floor - Earth’s Uncharted Interface” (Project No. 390741601).

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