Iron oxide coated sand (IOS): Scale-up analysis and full-scale application for phosphorus removal from goat farm wastewater
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Effective eutrophication control, especially for decentralized wastewater treatment, has received increasing attention in recent years. In view of this, iron oxide coated sand (IOS) granules, a recycled waste product from the drinking water industry, was investigated for phosphorus removal from goat farm wastewater, both at laboratory-scale and at full-scale. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller adsorption revealed a high specific surface area (249 m2/g) of the IOS. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction demonstrated that Fe(III) compounds are the main functional component and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy showed that Fe and O elements covered more than 84% of the surface of the IOS. The IOS granules showed good phosphorus adsorption capacity over a wide pH range during laboratory-scale batch tests. Moreover, the phosphorus adsorption was very fast and the residual phosphorus concentration dropped below 0.02 mg/L within an hour at a dosage of 20 g/L. After adsorption, the exhausted IOS could be regenerated by using 0.5 M KOH, and more than 80% adsorption capacity remained. Laboratory-scale column tests with real wastewater originating from a goat farm were run and Bed Depth Service Time and Bohart–Adams models were applied in view of scale-up. Based on this, a full-scale IOS based fixed bed reactor was designed, built and tested at a goat farm. A TP removal efficiency of 99% with a 0.87 m3 IOS fixed bed reactor (fed at 2.2 m3/d) was obtained. The TP concentration in the effluent remained below 0.3 mg/L for nearly 400 days, achieving long term TP removal. This study demonstrates that IOS based treatment is an ecological and environmentally friendly method, suitable for full-scale (decentralized) wastewater treatment.
Originalsprog | Engelsk |
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Artikelnummer | 120213 |
Tidsskrift | Separation and Purification Technology |
Vol/bind | 284 |
Antal sider | 10 |
ISSN | 1383-5866 |
DOI | |
Status | Udgivet - 2022 |
Bibliografisk note
Funding Information:
This work was part of the IQUA project, supported by The Interreg V “Vlaanderen-Nederland” program, a program for transregional collaboration with financial support from the European Regional Development Fund. This study was also supported by the Province of West-Flanders in the framework of the establishment of a knowledge institute for a sustainable economy. This study also fits within the LED H2O project that is financially supported by the Flemish Knowledge Centre Water (Vito-Vlakwa). Rui Zhang and Xuetong Yang is financially supported by the China Scholarship Council (CSC) by a CSC Ph.D. grant. Fida Hussain Lakho is financially supported by the Higher Education Commission, Pakistan [HRDI-UESTP (BATCH-VI)].
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier B.V.
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