TY - JOUR

T1 - Expression of synapsin and co-localization with serotonin and FMRFamide in the central nervous system of the chordoid larva of Symbion pandora (Cycliophora)

AU - Neves, RC

AU - Cunha, MR

AU - Kristensen, RMK

AU - Wanninger, Andreas Wilhelm Georg

PY - 2010

Y1 - 2010

N2 - Cycliophora is one of the most recently described metazoan phyla and hithertoincludes only two species: Symbion pandora and Symbion americanus. With a very complexlife cycle, cycliophorans are regarded as an enigmatic group with an uncertain phylogeneticposition, although they are commonly considered lophotrochozoan protostomes. In order toextend the database concerning the distribution of immunoreactive substances in the freeswimmingchordoid larva of S. pandora, we investigated synapsin immunoreactivity usingfluorescence-coupled antibodies in combination with confocal laserscanning microscopy.Moreover, we analyzed the co-localization patterns of synapsin, serotonin, and RFamidelikeimmunoreactivity in the chordoid larva by 3D imaging technology based on the confocalmicroscopy image stacks. Synapsin is expressed in large parts of the bilobed anterior cerebralganglion including anterior and dorsal projections. Two pairs of ventral neurites run longitudinallyinto the larval body of which the inner pair shows only weak, scattered synapsinimmunoreactivity. In addition, a lateral synapsin immunoreactive projection emerges posteriorlyfrom each ventral longitudinal axon. Double immunostaining shows co-localization ofsynapsin and serotonin in the cerebral ganglion, the outer and the inner ventral neurites, andthe anterior projections. Synapsin and RFamide-like immunoreactivity co-occur in the cerebralganglion, the outer ventral neurites, and the dorsal projections. Accordingly, the cerebralganglion and the outer ventral neurites are the only neural structures that co-express the twoneurotransmitters and synapsin. The overall neuroanatomical condition of the cycliophoranchordoid larva resembles much more the situation of adult rather than larval life cycle stagesof a number of spiralian taxa

AB - Cycliophora is one of the most recently described metazoan phyla and hithertoincludes only two species: Symbion pandora and Symbion americanus. With a very complexlife cycle, cycliophorans are regarded as an enigmatic group with an uncertain phylogeneticposition, although they are commonly considered lophotrochozoan protostomes. In order toextend the database concerning the distribution of immunoreactive substances in the freeswimmingchordoid larva of S. pandora, we investigated synapsin immunoreactivity usingfluorescence-coupled antibodies in combination with confocal laserscanning microscopy.Moreover, we analyzed the co-localization patterns of synapsin, serotonin, and RFamidelikeimmunoreactivity in the chordoid larva by 3D imaging technology based on the confocalmicroscopy image stacks. Synapsin is expressed in large parts of the bilobed anterior cerebralganglion including anterior and dorsal projections. Two pairs of ventral neurites run longitudinallyinto the larval body of which the inner pair shows only weak, scattered synapsinimmunoreactivity. In addition, a lateral synapsin immunoreactive projection emerges posteriorlyfrom each ventral longitudinal axon. Double immunostaining shows co-localization ofsynapsin and serotonin in the cerebral ganglion, the outer and the inner ventral neurites, andthe anterior projections. Synapsin and RFamide-like immunoreactivity co-occur in the cerebralganglion, the outer ventral neurites, and the dorsal projections. Accordingly, the cerebralganglion and the outer ventral neurites are the only neural structures that co-express the twoneurotransmitters and synapsin. The overall neuroanatomical condition of the cycliophoranchordoid larva resembles much more the situation of adult rather than larval life cycle stagesof a number of spiralian taxa

U2 - 10.1111/j.1744-7410.2010.00187.x

DO - 10.1111/j.1744-7410.2010.00187.x

M3 - Journal article

VL - 129

SP - 17

EP - 26

JO - Invertebrate Biology

JF - Invertebrate Biology

SN - 1077-8306

IS - 1

ER -